Oakland (California)
Auckland (Oakland; "Oak Land") is a major city along the San Francisco Bay coast in northern California, and is home to Alameda County. Known as "Oak Town", Chinese and Cantonese communities are often called "Kunlun". It is also known as the "East Bay" in the San Francisco Bay Area, east of the Bay.
| Auckland Oakland | |
|---|---|
| City | |
| Oakland City of Oakland | |
From Merritt Lake to West View of Oakland City Center | |
| Nickname: Oaktown, The Town, The O | |
Inside Alameda County | |
| Coordinates: 37°48′N 122°15′W / 37.8°N 122.25°W / 37.8; -122.25 | |
| country |  US |
| State | California |
| county | Alameda County |
| municipal government | May 4, 1852 |
| government | |
| · mayor | Libby Schiff (from 2015) |
| Population (2006) | |
| · Total | 415,492 people |
| US Census Bureau estimates | |
| time zone | PST(UTC-8) |
| · Xia Shi | PDT(UTC-7) |
| website | OaklandNet.com |
| Popular aliases for "Oakland" everywhere | |
|---|---|
| Mainland China | Auckland |
| Gangtai | Auckland |
| US Cantonese | Wu Lun |
Built in 1852, Oakland was an early blue-collar working class in San Francisco. Its north is home to the famous University of California at Berkeley; San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge connects San Francisco to the west; The southwest has Alameda Island, and the south is San Leandro. There is also Piedmont, a wealthy and independent town in the Oakland administrative district.
According to the US Census Bureau in 2006, Oakland is the third largest city in the San Francisco Bay Area, behind only San Francisco and San Jose, with 415,492 people. The 2008 congressional report showed Oakland ranked fifth among the most dangerous cities in the country, with Richmond in the north and Compton in the south of California as dangerous as any city in California.
Auckland is one of the three major West Coast trading ports in the United States. Auckland International Airport is the main gateway for low-cost airlines, mainly Southwest and JetBlue, to San Francisco. Auckland is also the Northern California Train Transportation Center, where cargo is shipped across the United States via Port Auckland.
Auckland, a major satellite city in San Francisco, is home to many companies such as Caesar Hospital, Ask.com, Clorox bleach, Giles ice cream, Hagundas ice cream, Pandora on line music, Travel Book Publishing House Lonely Planet, because land prices are cheaper than San Francisco, across the water.
history
Ohlone
The earliest settlement in today's Auckland was an Indian tribe called Huchiun, concentrated around Lake Merritt.
Spanish colonial period
In 1772, the Conquistadors occupied the land around Auckland in the name of the King of Spain. In the early nineteenth century, the Spanish king granted the land to a soldier called Peralta to farm for a living (the Mexican government, which ruled California after independence, had no right to oppose Peralta). The farm is called Rancho San Antonio. There's a row of oak in the farm that's grown from the lower part of town to the city of Alameda today. Peralta is called Ecinal, or Spanish for oak gardens. Peralta divided the land among his four children, and Antonion and Vincent, who acquired the majority of the land, opened the land to residents and business men who moved here.
1850 to 1900
Mexico, the defeated country in the Mexican War, gave the US government much of the land, including Auckland. Before the Alameda County was founded, there was a place called Contra Costa. In 1852, the California Legislature passed a bill allowing Oakland to open its city.
Auckland has been developing since then. After the railway opened in the late 1860s, Oakland built the main railway terminal. In 1868, Central Pacific built a "big pier" in Auckland, now the Oakland harbor. The harbor terminal has become the main station for trans-continental railways (transcontinental railways) and other regional railways. There was no Gulf Bridge, so the ferry was an important vehicle for East Bay residents to travel to and from San Francisco.
Lake Merritt, today's artificial lake, was a wetland. In 1870, the then mayor, Samuel Merritt, ordered the construction of the Beautiful Lake. The surrounding wetlands were initially preserved as wildlife reserves, but continued construction of houses here made them disappear. Around 1915, Beautiful Lake became what it is today, a lake surrounded by parks.
In the late 19th century, Oakland had a number of public transport routes to and from other cities. In 1891, electric buses to and from Oakland and Berkeley began operating, and other horse and bus routes formed a so-called Key System, the precursor to today's AC Transit.
1900s-Second World War
With its growing population, Oakland gradually annexed nearby farms and towns, such as Alameda County to the east, and now East Oakland. In 1906, San Francisco was devastated by an earthquake, and many residents moved to Oakland.
aviation
On September 21, 1909, Chinese aircraft engineer Feng Ru (January 12, 1884-August 25, 1912) successfully test-flown the home-made aircraft at the present position of Laney College, becoming the first Chinese pilot in history.
On August 9, 1920, the pilot Airmails of the United States#Transcontinental Air Mail was first tested by Auckland.
On September 17, 1927, Charles Lindbergh, the famous pilot, opened the airport.
On May 21, 1937, the legendary female pilot Amelia Mary Earhart took off from Oakland and began her last flight.
Automobile and other industrial development
By the 1920s, many industrialists had opened factories in Oakland. In 1916, General Motors opened a Chevrolet production line in Oakland. By 1929, Chrysler was also in Oakland, where Auckland is known as Detroit on the West Bank.
In 1929, the ice cream ice cream ice cream of Drunken Road was first introduced in Oakland.
On November 12, 1936, the Gulf Bridge was opened to traffic, at which time the upper bridge was running on vehicles and the lower bridge was used for railway purposes.
World War II
During World War II, the entire East Bay was engaged in war-related operations. Kaiser Yards and the Moore Dry Dock Company. Moreover, demand for canned food is so great that many factories have opened here, such as The Oakland Preserving Company, a producer of Del Monte.
The war not only brought businesses to Auckland, but also attracted workers from around the country; But the productivity added to the apartheid in the southern states of the time, and the ethnic relations deteriorated.
postwar
After the war, because of the closure of the shipbuilding and military industries, employment opportunities were greatly reduced, and for this reason many people chose to leave Auckland and move to nearby cities. There are fewer people, but the ethnic problems in Oakland are exacerbated.
Since the 1940s and 1950s, the Oakland Police Department (OPD) has hired a group of officers from the South to bring in a set of law enforcement from their home towns, sparking ethnic clashes.
As of 1966, only 16 of the 661 officers in the Oakland Police Station were black. After a spate of police attacks across the country, Merritt College student Huey Newton organized the Panther Party in Auckland in October 1966, claiming to defend itself by force. In addition, the Hell's Angels Streetcar Society began to evolve from a pure Streetcar Fellowship to a Motorcar Party and then to a criminal organization. Over the same period, Oakland began to confront a host of previously unproblematic problems, including drug abuse, mafia, and violence.
1980s and beyond
Since the 1980s, more and more Hispanic immigrants have moved to Auckland (especially in the Fruitvale district). One of Oakland's old districts, formerly the Peralta family, attracts Hispanic immigrants.
On October 17, 1989, the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake destroyed an empty overhead overpass, killing 42 people. The earthquake also caused damage to some buildings, including the Bay Bridge.
On October 20, 1991, the Auckland Mountain fire burned about 6 square kilometers of land and about 4,000 houses in 1991, injuring 150 people and killing 25 people; The economic loss is about 1.5bn US dollars.
At 2:00 a.m. on January 1, 2009, several MRT officers of the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) questioned several people on the platform at Furuville station. White officer Johannes Mehserle shot and killed black young man Oscar Grant III, who was already on the ground. Passengers photographed the situation, but instead of being taken back by other colleagues for investigation, the officer disappeared. The footage was posted on the sharing site Youtube, sparking outrage. On January 7, a large number of people of color took to the streets to demonstrate, which turned into riots. The officers were arrested on Jan. 14 in Nevada for trial. In July 2010, Jonannes Mehserle was found guilty of manslaughter and sentenced to two years in prison. The ruling triggered another demonstration.
On March 21, 2009, parole offender Lovelle Mixon shot and killed two police officers while being intercepted on the street, and the Oakland City Police Station immediately joined the Alameda County Sheriff's Office (ACSO), the California Highway Patrol (CHP) and the MRT Railway Police Department in the search and arrest. When the Oakland Police Assault Team came to Mixon's hideout, Mixon shot and killed two officers and wounded a third; But in the end, they were shot by the police officers who came up from behind.
Chinese-American Mayor Guan Lizhen was sworn in on January 3, 2011, becoming the first Chinese-American mayor and the first female mayor of Auckland.
On Oct. 10, 2011, Occupy Wall Street moved to Auckland and became Occupy Oakland. Demonstrators gathered in front of the city government in Frank Ogawa Square and camped out. Operations Occupy Auckland continued until mid-November, during which there were numerous clashes between demonstrators and law enforcement personnel. On November 2, for example, demonstrators gathered at the seaport dock and law enforcement officers were present to expel them, and two demonstrators were seriously injured in the operation. Public opinion attacked the city's handling of the incident because the injured could be injured by excessive use of force by law enforcement officials. One other protester was shot dead and the killer was not found. Operation Occupy Oakland ended on November 14.
At about 10:30 a.m. on April 2, 2012, a murder case occurred at Oikos University, a private university in eastern Auckland, and One L, a Korean suspect. Goh shot seven people and wounded three. About an hour after the incident, the suspect turned himself in to the Alameda police.
geography, climate
geography
Oakland is located at about 37°48' N and 122°15' W. The total area is 202.4 square kilometers (78.2 square miles), the land area is 145.2 square kilometers (56.1 square miles) and the water area is 57.2 square kilometers (22.1 square miles). Most of the coastal bay is flat land, and further inland is a mountain. Roughly, you can divide Oakland into four districts, north, east, west, and center, plus lakes, mountains and so on.
With its location above the San Andreas Fault, Oakland, like other cities in the area, is threatened by earthquakes.
climate
Auckland is hot in summer but wet and cold in winter. Daytime temperatures can be as low as 40°F (7°C) to 80°C (25°C). Rainfall ranges from 4.85 inches to 0.1 inches.
| Climate average data at the Oakland Museum (1981-2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | January | Feb | March | April | May | June | July | Aug | September | October | November | December | year |
| Highest historical temperature(°C) | 78 (26) | 61 (27) | 88 (31) | 97 (36) | 105 (41) | 107 (42) | 103 (39) | 99 (37) | 109 (43) | 103 (39) | 84 (29) | 75 (24) | 109 (43) |
| Average high temperature(°C) | 58.1 (14.5) | 61.6 (16.4) | 63.9 (17.7) | 66.3 (19.1) | 68.7 (20.4) | 71.5 (21.9) | 72.0 (22.2) | 73.0 (22.8) | 74.1 (23.4) | 71.7 (22.1) | 64.6 (18.1) | 58.3 (14.6) | 67.0 (19.4) |
| Average low temperature°F (°C) | 44.3 (6.8) | 46.8 (8.2) | 48.5 (9.2) | 50.0 (10) | 52.7 (11.5) | 55.0 (12.8) | 56.2 (13.4) | 57.5 (14.2) | 57.1 (13.9) | 54.4 (12.4) | 49.1 (9.5) | 44.7 (7.1) | 51.4 (10.8) |
| Historical Lowest Temperature at°F (°C) | 30 (-1) | 29 (-2) | 34 (1) | 37 (3) | 43 (6) | 48 (9) | 51 (11) | 50 (10) | 48 (9) | 43 (6) | 36 (2) | 26 (-3) | 26 (-3) |
| Average rainfallinches (mm) | 4.65 (118.1) | 4.69 (119.1) | 3.37 (85.6) | 1.33 (33.8) | 0.73 (18.5) | 0.11 (2.8) | 0 (0) | 0.06 (1.5) | 0.22 (5.6) | 1.35 (34.3) | 2.98 (75.7) | 4.44 (112.8) | 23.94 (608.1) |
| Average Rainfall Days (≥ 0.01 in) | 10.8 | 10.7 | 10.3 | 5.6 | 3.4 | 1.0 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 1.2 | 3.5 | 7.9 | 10.4 | 65.3 |
| Credit: NOAA (extremes 1970-present) | |||||||||||||
Population and income
population
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
According to the 2010 census, the population of Auckland is 390,724; The population density per square mile is 5,009.2. 134,925 whites (about 34.5%), 109,471 blacks (about 28%), 99,068 Latinos (about 25.4%), 65,811 Asians (about 16.8% of whom are of Chinese origin), 53,378 "other" persons (about 13.7%), 21,877 persons of two or more origins (about 5.6%), 3,040 indigenous persons (about 0.8%) and 2,222 Pacific Islanders (about 0.6%). In the Great Migration of African Americans, Oakland's black population soared.
|
Revenue
Statistics for 2000 show: The median urban male income is $37,433 per year, and the median female income is $35,088 per year; The median household income is $44,384 per year. 16.2% of households and 19.4% of the population live below the poverty line.
In 2008, the median income for men was USD 46,383 per year, compared to USD 44,690 for women; The median household income is $55,949 per year. 15.3% of households and 17% of the population live below the poverty line.
As of August 2009, the unemployment rate was 15.2%.
Auckland's largest employer list
| # | employer | # Number of employees |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Government of Alameda County | 10,374 |
| 2 | Wells Fargo | 5,862 |
| 1 | Oakland United Campus | 5,704 |
| 4 | Auckland City | 4,478 |
| 5 | Cost Plus World Market | 4,125 |
| 6 | Caesar Foundation Hospital | 3,105 |
| 7 | School of Community College, Belladay | 2,759 |
| 8 | Safeway Supermarket Chain | 2,692 |
| 9 | Tax Bureau | 2,500 |
| 10 | Albertson's Supermarket Chain | 2,209 |
Huabu
The Chinese settled in Auckland as early as the gold rush of the 1850s, but Auckland's Chinatown moved several times under the influence of the 19th century, until the 1880s, when it was now in the Webster and 8th Streets. Auckland's Chinatown was far smaller in its early days than San Francisco; After the rise of Chinese immigrants in the 1980s, the Chinese Academy of Culture and the Fuxing Center on Ninth Street are now dominated by areas about the east side of Broadway, from Seventh Street to Eleventh Street to Laney College, about the size of the Chinatown in San Francisco. The Little Chinatown, also known as Xinhuobu, is near E 14th Avenue, southeast of Beautiful Lake.
tourist attractions
- The Beautiful Lake in the City was originally a river-gathering wetland, and in 1868 the mayor of Merritt suggested that it be converted into an artificial lake and an ecological reserve, the largest artificial saltwater lake in the United States, with the function of regulating urban flooding and providing bird conservation, and in 1870 it became the first wild ecological reserve in North America. The Beautiful Lake is five kilometers away, and in the north there is a children's park and a bird sanctuary.
- The CHABOT Astronomical Science Museum is one of the main observatories in the Bay Area and the main place for viewing the astronomical landscape. The USS Hornets Museum on Alameda Island was housed after decommissioning in the 1990s.
- The Mormon Church in the mountains is one of the most spectacular Mormon churches outside the headquarters of Salt Lake City, Utah, and is the best place to shoot weddings and to watch the Bay Area nights.
- The historic Oakland Museum in California reopened in 2010, focusing on California's historical artifacts, environmental education and art. The Leni College parking lot next to the Oakland Museum has flea markets every weekend, and there's a big flea market every weekend near the East Oakland Baseball Stadium.
- The Chinese were concentrated in Auckland in the 1850s when the gold rush was being paid, and were affected by nineteenth-century Chinese exclusion. The Chinese city of Auckland moved several times until the 1880s, when it was located in the neighborhood of Eighth Street and Central City. Auckland's Chinatown was much smaller than San Francisco's Chinatown in the early 1980s, and is now dominated by the Chinese Academy of Culture and the Fuhua Center on Ninth Street, which includes roughly 7th to 11th Streets east of Broadway in the city, and is now on a par with San Francisco. A small Chinese town of Southeast Asian Chinese and Vietnamese is also near Fourteenth Avenue, southeast of Beautiful Lake, and has many tasty Southeast Asian snacks.
- The Jack London Square, located just south of Broadway in the city's Harbor Pier, is next to Chinatown in the north. It includes Metro Station, a docking terminal to San Francisco and the Holiday Farmers Market. The Jack London Square was an early fishing harbor and cargo port. From First Street to Fifth Street, there were many canned and cargo centers, many of which had been converted to the popular LOFT, a California-specific midlevel apartment, and there were many new cafes nearby.
- The Fuluville district of the International Avenue south of Auckland is a gathering area for Central and South Americans, where many Central and South American restaurants are served.
traffic
Interstate 80 runs from the Bay Bridge north through Oakland to Sacramento and Lake Tahoe, Interstate 880 runs from downtown Oakland to South Bay St. Holland West, connects 101 US National Highway to Los Angeles, and Interstate 580 and California State Highway 13 merges south from Oakland to inland to Interstate 5. 80, 580, 880, three interstate highways meet in the MacArthur maze. California State Road 24 passes through the Caldecott tunnel from Oakland through Berkeley to Concord northeast.
The Bay Area MRT system is the main transportation vehicle for East Bay commuters to San Francisco. The MRT system, after passing through the San Francisco City, passes through the Bay Area Sea Tunnel to reach the main areas of the East Bay, such as Auckland, Berkeley, Richmond, Concord, Oakland International Airport and Fremont.
In Jack London Square, just off the center of the city, there are transport ships that carry passengers to downtown San Francisco and Angel Island.
There are three bridges linking Alameda to the north of Arameda, Fuluville Street, Park Street and High Street, and Alameda International Airport.
The Czech London Square Station in the center of the city has links to Sacramento, Seattle and Los Angeles on US State Rail.
medical
- The headquarters of the largest corporate chain hospital in the United States is located in Kesa Hospital.
- Auckland Children's Hospital is the East Bay Special Hospital for Children's Disease, known as UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospital Oakland.
- The Alameda County Highland Medical Center is the main emergency treatment center in the East Bay.
- The Oakland Branch of the Alta Bates Center for Good Medicine is the Center for Cardiovascular and Stroke Treatment
Sports teams
Auckland has two professional sports teams, with the Oakland-Arameda Arena as the main venue.
- Oakland Raiders of professional American football: Use the main arena.
- Oakland Athletics: Use the main arena (nine world championships).
Education
Kindergarten, primary, secondary, high (K-12)
The city's public secondary, primary and kindergarten are usually "Auckland Joint Campus". In 2007, the Oakland United Campus had 59 primary schools, 23 secondary schools, and 19 high schools, of which nine "special education" schools and four adult schools.
There is a private school in addition to public schools. There are 25 "charter schools" in addition to public and private schools. Charter schools are not private schools, but are not managed by the joint campus.
higher education
There are several qualified colleges and universities in this Municipality:
- Laney College
- Merritt College
- California Institute of Arts
- Holly Names University
- Lincoln University
- Mills College
- Patten University
- Samuel Merritt University
friendly city
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Jinzhou, PRCPicture
1917 Oakland Chevrolet Line
1917 Oakland City Council
Oakland Bird's Eye View
Early maps of Oakland (about 1900)
Night View of Merritt Lake, Oakland
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